United Public Domain Gold 2

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ United Public Domain Gold 2 / United Public Domain Gold 2.iso / education / pe045.dms / pe045.adf / Football.2 (.txt) < prev next >

Wrap

HyperBook | 1993-05-10 | 361KB | 1,972 lines

33030 ?0?03 3<0<? ??033 0??3? <?<3? 03?<? 30<<0 ??303 <00?? 3<<0? 0<030 33?0? ?30?0? Note1 M A I N C H A P T E R S Group1 Button1 Button2 RUNNING PLAYS Group2 Button1 Button2 PASSING PLAYS Group3 Button1 Button2 THE OFFICIALS AND THEIR POSITIONS Group4 Button1 Button2 Group5 Button1 Button2 DEFENSE Group6 Button1 Button2 PENALTIES ON THE SNAP Group7 Button1 Button2 DEFENSE Group8 Button1 Button2 DEFENSIVE PLAYS Group9 Button1 Button2 DEFENSIVE FORMATIONS Group10 Button1 Button2 THE NFL TEAMS Group11 Button1 Button2 THE AFC TEAMS Group12 Button1 Button2 UNUSUAL TERMS Group13 Button1 Button2 NFL RECORDS Group14 Button1 Button2 THE SUPER BOWL Group15 Button1 Button2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Page1 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num55 Note1 PASSING PLAYS Note2 Lateral Pass: A ball passed backward or on a line parallel to the line of scrimmage. This pass may be thrown at any time. Any player on either team may throw or receive this pass. If the ball touches the ground while a lateral pass is being executed, the defensive team can recover it and take possession but may not advance it. The offensive team may recover and move a dropped lateral pass. Picture2 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num55 Page2 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num56 Note1 RUNNING PLAYS Note2 Traps A trap play is another deception used by the offense, this time by the offensive line. Tackles and centers may execute a trap, but most often it is done by the guards. In a trap play, the offensive lineman who is the "hole" that the runner is going to go through, pulls away from the line rather than block forward. The defender facing him moves into the space left and is immediately hit by another defensive lineman pulling away from a different point on the line. A successful trap depends intirely on the quickness, perfect timing and teamwork of the offensive linemen. Note3 Sweeps This is a general term for running plays that go around the end of the line. The ball carrier sweeps wide of the tight end behind lead blockers. If the blockers can spring the runner, sweeps can be great yard gainers. Note4 BALL CARRIER Drawing1 Note5 THE BALL CARRIER RUNS ALONG BEHIND HIS BLOCKERS READY TO BREAK OUT INTO THE OPEN. Page3 Note1 RUNNING PLAYS Group1 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page57 Note1 RECEIVERS ALL RUN REAL PASS PATTERNS Note2 The Draw Play This play is the opposite of the play-action pass. Here the offense wants the defense to believe that a pass play is being set up. The offense lines up in a passing formation. The receivers start downfield after the snap. All the blocking assignments begin as pass blocking. The quarterback drops back as if to pass. The point of all this deception is to lure the defense into a pass rush. Then when they have committed, the quarterback suddenly hands the ball off to one of his backs and the defense is facing a running play. The draw play works well if the defense is expecting a pass, such as late in the game and the offense is behind and they are within Note3 BACK TAKES HANDOFF AND RUNS THROUGH THE ONRUSHING DEFENSE. Note4 QUARTERBACK DROPS BACK AS THOUGH TO PASS. Drawing1 Page4 Note1 striking distance. The defense will expect, in this situation, that the offense will try for a touchdown pass. The draw play is also effective when the defense has been charging a lot on its own. The draw uses the defense against itself. Page5 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num58 Note1 RUNNING PLAYS Note2 The Qaurterback Keeper When the offense is close to their opponent's goal line, the defense gets heavy in the center of the line. This makes them open to quick runs around the end or short passes. In a quarterback keeper play, the quarterback fakes a hand off to one of his backs. The back and his blockers head into the middle of the line. The quarterback then bootlegs (runs to one side) around the end of the line and heads for a touchdown. The Quarterback Sneak In this play, the quarterback takes the snap and then, instead of dropping back or handing off, he follows his center right into the defensive line. This play is used on very short yardage and not too often even then. Coaches do not like risking injury to their quarterbacks. Page6 Note1 THE OFFICIALS Note2 Note3 KICKING TEAM Note4 UMPIRE Note5 RECEIVING TEAM Note6 REFEREE Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page59 Note7 REFEREE: The referee is the chief official and has over-all responsibility for the game. As well, his specific duties include spotting the ball (putting the ball down at the spot where play is to be resumed), whistling the play or the ball dead, pacing off the penalties, and acting as the final authority on the score. UMPIRE: The umpire's main responsibility is the players' equipment and their conduct. When play begins at the line of scrimmage, the umpire watches for illegal plays. He then moves downfield following the play action. Note8 KICK-OFF POSITIONS Note9 BACK JUDGE Note10 LINE JUDGE Note11 Note12 REFEREE Note13 FIELD JUDGE Note14 SIDE JUDGE Note15 LINESMAN Note16 RECEIVING TEAM Note17 KICKING TEAM Note18 UMPIRE Page7 Group1 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res judge Note1 OFFENCE Note2 DEFENCE Note3 UMPIRE Note4 REFEREE Note5 SIDE JUDGE Note6 LINESMAN Note7 JUDGE Note8 FIELD JUDGE Note9 LINE JUDGE Note10 FIELD GOAL POSITIONS Note1 THE OFFICIALS Note2 LINESMAN: The linesman's main responsibility is to watch for infractions at the neutral zone at the start of a down (off-side). He is in charge also of the yardage chains operated by two men on the sidelines. The yardage chains are the official 10 yard measurement used to see if a team has advanced the ball far enough for a first down. As well, the linesman must keep an accurate record of the down. There is a large "down indicator" sign on the sidelines that is under his control. Page8 Note1 THE OFFICIALS Note2 FIELD JUDGE: The field judge is really an extension of the referee, acting for the referee on downfield plays. If for any reason, the back judge must leave the game, the field judge takes over his responsibilities. BACK JUDGE: The back judge is primarily concerned with maintaining an accurate time on the game as well as side line infractions. NOTE: All officials can call all infractions, even in areas outside their primary responsibilities. Page9 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num61 Picture2 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num61 Note1 THE SNAP One player, usually the center, passes the ball between his legs to a player behind him. The action must be smooth and continuous. The snapper may not slide his hands along the ball, lift his hands or move his feet until the snap is completed. Page10 Note1 PENALTIES ON THE SNAP Picture1 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num62 Picture2 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num62 Note2 1. False start: 5 yards Note3 2. player out-of- bounds on snap: 5 yards Page11 Note1 PENALTIES ON THE SNAP Picture1 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num63 Picture2 DH0{60MB}:Vidi num63 Note2 4. offside or encroachment: a player crossing the opponen's line of scrimmage before the ball is snapped: 5 yards. Note3 5. man in motion: an offensive backfield player moving incorrectly before the ball is snapped: 5 yards. Page12 Note1 DEFENSE Note2 What The Defense Does The defense must stop the offense from getting the needed 10 yards for a first down and from scoring. They have two basic assignments - tackle the runner and break up plays. To tackle a runner, the defenders try to pull, push, grab, or knock him to the ground. A runner is tackled if he is on the ground, in the hold of a defender and unable to move any further, or is under a group of defenders. The defenders face many obstacles. The runner often has a good head of steam up and is hard to hold onto. The runner also lifts his knees high to discourage would-be tacklers. And of course, the runner knows what he's going to do (cut left or right, stop and spin) and the defender must wait and react. In addition to all that, there are the offensive blockers to contend with. Then, if all that is not enough, the offensive pass receivers will run their pass patterns on nearly every play so the safties must follow them. The defenders work to cover the offense while the offense tries to beat the defensive coverage. Defensive Positions The defensive team basically has three positions; defensive linemen, linebackers, and defensive backs. Page13 Note1 Defensive Linemen The defensive linemen take positions on the line of scrimmage facing the offensive linemen. Their jobs are to rush and if possible sack the quarterback and to stop any ball carrier trying to break through the line. The defensive linemen almost always move forward when the ball is snapped. Prior to the snap, the defensive captain has called out the defensive formation to use. The number of defensive linemen used on a play depends entirely on the defensive formation called (which depends on what offense the defensive captain is expecting). The defensive linemen on the ends are often called defensive ends. The line men between the ends are the defensive tackles. The middle defensive tackle is the nose guard - named the nose guard because he lines up nose-to-nose against the offensive center. Note2 DEFENSE Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page64 Note3 DEFENSIVE LINEMEN (4-3 SET) Page14 Note1 DEFENSE Note2 Linebackers The linebackers, as their name implies, line up directly behind the defensive linemen. Sometimes they line up right at the line of scrimmage slotting themselves between the tackles. When watching, you can tell the defensive tackles from the linebackers by their stance on the line. The linemen crouch for power. The line backers usually stand upright. The linebackers defend against all plays - the passing and the rushing. And sometimes they will even rush the quarterback with the defensive linemen. Linebackers are further differentiated as outside linebackers (on the ends), inside linebackers and middle linebackers. Group1 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page65 Note1 LINEBACKERS (4-3 SET) Page15 Note1 Defensive Backs The defensive backs are behind the secondary (sometimes the defensive backfield). Primarily, they are pass defenders, but if a ball carrier breaks through, the defensive backs are the last line of defense in front of the goal line. If a runner must be stopped by the secondary, he has made a good gain. The defensive backs who are closest to the sidelines are called cornerbacks. Those in the middle are the safeties. Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page65b Note2 DEFENSIVE BACKS (4-3 SET) Drawing1 Note3 CORNERBACK SAFTIES CORNERBACK Page16 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page66 Picture2 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page66b Note1 DEFENSE Note2 DEFENSIVE PLAYS Stack A linebacker lines up directly behind a defensive lineman. This allows the linebackers to charge from any direction, right, left or straight ahead. The offensive line now must worry about where the defenders are going to come from. Slants When a slant is called, the defensive linemen all charge to the right or left instead of straight ahead. Since the defenders know what they intend to do, a slant call gives them a slight edge on the line. Page17 Note1 DEFENSE Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page66c Note2 Pinch This is similar to a two-on-one block. The defensive linemen line up facing the spaces between the offensive linemen. The point of this play is to take out a specific blocker completely out of action. Picture2 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page67 Note3 Stunts A stunt is where the defenders exchange the paths they usually follow with each other. It can be between defensive linemen, linebackers, linemen with linebackers, etc. The point of a stunt is to confuse the offense and open up a direct hole to the quarterback. Page18 Note1 DEFENSE Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page67b Note2 The Blitz This is a defensive play designed to sack the quarterback on what the defenders believe is a pass play. On a blitz, the secondary on their own or with the linebackers rush the passer. A blitz to be really successful must be a surprise. If the quarterback picks up that a blitz is coming, he'll call an audible on the line and probably set up a quick screen pass over the heads of the onrushing defenders. In this game of deception and counter-deception, the defense will sometimes fake a blitz to force the quarterback into an audible. The hope here is that the change will cause confusion for the offense. Note3 A dog is a type of blitz that can be use against both a run or a pass. Here a linebacker or linebackers roar into the offensive backfield right as the ball is snapped. Page19 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page68 Note1 DEFENSE Note2 PASS COVERAGE Zone Defenses In this defense pattern, each pass defender is responsible for a specific area of the field - a zone. If an offensive receiver moves into the zone, that defender follows him, turning the receiver over to the next defender when the receiver changes zones. Strong Zone The defended area of the field where a pass could be thrown is divided into four short pass zones and three long or deep pass zones. Three linebackers and a cornerback take the short zones. The two safeties and the other cornerback drop back into the deep zones. It looks like a clockwise rotation of the defense. Picture2 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page68b Note3 Weak Zone This is almost the opposite of the strong zone coverage. Here the shift is counter- clockwise. Note4 STRONG ZONE Note5 WEAK ZONE Drawing1 Page20 Note1 DEFENSE Note2 Double Zones The defended area of the field is divided into five short zones and two deep zones. Both cornerbacks and the three linebackers move into the short zones. The safeties cover the deep zones. This defends well against a short pass, but if the receiver gets into that gap between the deep zones, the defense is in big trouble. Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page69 Note3 Bump and Run A defensive back is allowed to hit an eligible receiver as he starts downfield within five yards of the line of scrimmage. To carry out a bump and run, the defensive back line up directly in front of the receiver. When the receiver starts his move downfield, the defensive back moves into the receiver and bumps him. After that contact, the defender follows the eligible receiver downfield. The point of the bump is to throw the timing of the passing play off - even if it's just a split second delay it could be enough to break up the pass play's success. Note4 DOUBLE ZONES Page21 Note1 Man-to-Man Coverage This pass defense requires a lot from the defenders and is open to long passes being completed. Man-to-man coverage is not used very often. In this defense, the linebackers cover the running backs, the cornerbacks cover the wide receivers, the strong safety covers the tight end, and the other safety, the free safety, moves anywhere, trying to be where the ball is going. Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page69b Note2 MAN-TO-MAN COVERAGE Page22 Note1 DEFENSIVE FORMATIONS Note2 3-4 Defense This defense calls for a three man defensive line - a nose tackle and two defensive ends. The nose tackle goes nose-to-nose with the offensive center. The ends are off slightly to the side of the offensive tackles. Behind these defensive linemen (called down linesmen because they are the only defensive players to go into a crouch or 3 point stance) are four linebackers. Two outside linebackers are positioned outside the defensive ends. In this defense pattern, the linebackers can rush the passer, stay in the secondary for defense against the break out run or move to beef up the pass coverage. The defensive ends must decide almost immediately after the snap whether the play is going to be a run or a pass. On a running play, they follow the flow and go after the ball carrier. On a pass, their job is to rush the passer and put pressure on him in the hope of making the passer rush the pass and maybe make a serious mistake. Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page70 Note3 3-4 DEFENSE Page23 Note1 4-3 Defense When the offense must pass, the defense most likely will use the 4-3 defense. In this formation, two defensive tackles set up directly in front of the offensive guards. Two defensive ends play outside the tackles and face the offensive tackles. The middle linebacker stands between the defensive tackles. One linebacker is over on the tight end's side. The other linebacker takes the other side of the line. While this is a good defense against the pass, it is also effective against the run because of the extra down linemen up front. The linebackers vary their starting places in this formation so the quarterback can't "read" the defense too easily. Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page70 Note2 4-3 DEFENSE Page24 Note1 6-5 or Goal Line Defense When the ball is close, within a few yards of the goal line, a special defense is used. In the 6-5, there are six down linemen and five linebackers up front. Since there can't be a long pass, they don't have to defend against the short pass and the six down linemen are prepared for the short run. Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page71 Note2 END ZONE Note3 The Nickel Defense A nickel is five cents. The nickel defense uses five defensive backs. The extra back is called the nickel back. In this defense there are either three linebackers and three down linemen or two linebackers and four down linemen. Picture2 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page71 Note4 NICKEL DEFENSE Note5 GOAL LINE DEFENSE Page25 Note1 The Flex The flex is defined as a flexible 4-3 defense. This defense puts seven defenders near the line of scrimmage - four down linemen and three linebackers. Two down linemen set up in the regular stance on the line, ready to rush. The other two set up a few yards back of the line almost as linebackers but in a down stance.In this defense, all but the two front down linemen hesitate after the snap - they don't rush in immediately. They try to read the play and then react to it. Group1 Picture1 DH0{60MB}:DPaint/Lo-Res page71 Note1 THE FLEX Page26 Note1 Dallas Cowboys Note2 Home Field: Texas Stadium Capacity: 65,101 Team Colours: Royal Blue, Metallic Blue, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/206 Tony Dorsett/1978 Most yards rushing in one season/1,646 Tony Dorsett/1981 Most TD passes throw in one game/5 Eddie Le Baron/1962 Don Meredith/1966/1968 Craig Morton/1969/1970 Danny White/1983 Most TD passes thrown in one season/29 Danny White/1983 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Bob Hayes/1970 Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Frank Clarke/1962 Most points scored in one game/24 Dan Reeves/1967 Bob Hayes/1970 Calvin Hill/1971 Duane Thomas/1971 Most points scored in one season/123 Rafael Septien/1983 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Dan Reeves/1967 Bob Hayes/1970 Calvin Hill/1971 Duane Thomas/1971 Most TD's scored in one season/16 Dan Reeves/1966 Note3 NATIONAL FOOTBALL CONFERENCE TEAMS Page27 Note1 New York Giants Note2 Home Field: Giants Stadium Capacity: 76,891 Team Colours: Blue, Red, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/218 Gene Roberts/1950 Most yards rushing in one season/1,182 Ron Johnson/1972 Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Y.A. Tittle/1962 Most TD passes thrown in one season/36 Y.A. Tittle/1963 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Earnest Gray/1980 Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Homer Jones/1967 Most points scored in one game/24 Ron Johnson/1972 Earnest Gray/1972 Most points scored in one season/127 Ali Haji-Sheikh/1983 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Ron Johnson /1972 Earnest Gray/1980 Most TD's scored in one season/17 Gene Roberts/1949 Page28 Note1 Philadephia Eagles Note2 Home Field: Veterans Stadium Capacity: 73,484 Team Colours: Kelly Green, White, and Silver Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/205 Steve Van Buren/1949 Most yards rushing in one season/1,512 Wilbert Montgomery/1979 Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Adrian Burk/1954 Most TD passes thrown in one season/32 Sonny Jurgenson/1961 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Joe Carter/1934 Ben Hawkins/1969 Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Tommy McDonald/1960 Mike Quick/1983 Most points scored in one game/25 Bobby Walston/1954 Most points scored in one season/116 Paul McFadden/1984 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Joe Carter/1934 Clarence Peaks/1958 Tommy McDonald/1959 Ben Hawkins/1969 Wilbert Montgomery/1978 Most TD's scored in one season/18 Steve Van Buren/1945 Page29 Note1 St. Louis Cardinals Note2 Home Field: Busch Stadium Capacity: 51,392 Team Colours: Cardinal Red, White, and Black Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/203 John Crow/1960 Most yards rushing in one season/1,605 Ottis Anderson/1979 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Jim Hardy/1960 Charley Johnson/1965/1969 Most TD passes thrown in one season/28 Charley Johnson/1963 Neil Lomax/1984 Most TD passes caught in one game/5 Bob Shaw/1950 Most TD passes caught in one season/15 Sonny Randle/1960 Most Points scored in one game/40 Ernie Nevers/1929 Most points scored in one season/117 Jim Bakken/1967 Neil O'Donoghue/1984 Most TD's scored in one game/6 Ernie Nevers/1929 Most TD's scored in one season/17 John Crow/1962 Page30 Note1 Washington Redskins Note2 Home Field: Robert F. Kennedy Stadium Capacity: 55,431 Team Colours: Burgundy and Gold Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/195 Mike Thomas/1976 Most yards rushing in one season/1,347 John Riggins/1973 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Sam Baugh/1943/1947 Most TD passes thrown in one season/31 Sonny Jurgenson/1967 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Hugh Taylor/1952 Jerry Smith/1967/1969 Pat Richter/1968 Larry Brown/1973 Jean Fugett/1976 Albin Garrett/1982 Art Monk/1984 Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Hugh Taylor/1952 Charley Taylor/1966 Jerry Smith/1967 Most points scored in one game/24 Dick James/1961 Larry Brwon/1973 Most points scored in one season/161 Mark Moseley/1983 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Dick James/1961 Larry Brown/1973 Most TD's scored in one season/24 John Riggins/1983 Page31 Note1 Chicago Bears Note2 Home Field: Soldier Field Capacity: 65,793 Team Colours: Orange, Navy Blue, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/275 Walter Payton/1977 Most yards rushing in one season/1,852 Walter Payton/1977 Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Sid Luckman/1943 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Harold Hill/1954 Mike Ditka/1963 Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Dick Gordon/1970 Ken Kananaugh/1947 Most points scored in one game/36 Gale Sayers/1965 Most points scored in one season/132 Gale Sayers/1965 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Gale Sayers/1965 Most TD's scored in one season/22 Gale Sayers/1965 Page32 Note1 Detroit Lions Note2 Home Field: Pontiac Silverdome Capacity: 80,638 Team Colours: Honolulu Blue and Silver Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/198 Bob Hoernschermeyer/1950 Most yards rushing in one season/1,437 Billy Sims/1981 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Garry Danielson/1978 Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Bobby Layne/1951 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Cloyce Box/1950 Most TD passes caught in one season/15 Cloyce Box/1952 Most points scored in one game/24 Cloyce Box/1950 Most points scored in one season/128 Doak Walker/1950 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Cloyce Box/1950 Most TD's scored in one season/16 Billy Sims/1980 Page33 Note1 Green Bay Packers Note2 Home Field: County Stadium Capacity: 55,958 Team Colours: Green and Gold Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/186 Jim Taylor/1961 Most yards rushing in one season/1,474 Jim Taylor/1962 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Cecil Osbell/1942 Don Horn/1969 Lynn Dickey/1981/1983 Most TD passes thrown in one season/32 Lynn Dickey/1983 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Don Hutson/1945 Most TD passes caught in one season/17 Don Hutson/1943 Most points scored in one game/33 Paul Hornung/1961 Most points scored in one season/176 Paul Hornung/1960 Most TD's scored in one game/5 Paul Hornung/1961 Most TD's scored in one season/19 Jim Taylor/1962 Page34 Note1 Minnesota Vikings Note2 Home Field: Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome Capacity: 62,212 Team Colours: Purple, White, and Gold Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/200 Chuck Foreman/1976 Most yards rushing in one season/1,155 Chuck Foreman/1976 Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Joe Kapp/1969 Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Tommy Kramer/1981 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Ahmad Rashad/1979 Most TD passes caught in one season/11 Jerry Reichow/1961 Most points scored in one game/24 Chuck Foreman/1975 Ahmad Rashad/1979 Most points scored in one season/132 Chuck Foreman/1975 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Chuck Foreman/1975 Ahmad Rashad/1979 Most TD's scored in one season/22 Chuck Foreman/1975 Page35 Note1 Tampa Bay Buccaneers Note2 Home Field: Tampa Stadium Capacity: 73,317 Team Colours: Florida Orange, White, and Red Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/219 James Wilder/1973 Most yards rushing in one season/1,544 James Wilder/1984 Most TD passes thrown in one game/4 Doug Williams/1980 Jack Thompson/1983 Most TD passes thrown in one season/20 Doug Williams/1980 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Morris Owens/1976 Most TD passes caught in one season/9 Kevin House/1981 Most points scored in one game/18 Morris Owens/1976 Most points scored in one season/95 Obed Ariri/1984 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Morris Owens/1976 Most TD's scored in one season/13 James Wilder/1984 Page36 Note1 Atlanta Falcons Note2 Home Field: Atlanta Stadium Capacity: 60,748 Team Colours: Red, Black, Silver, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/167 William Andrews/1979 Most yards rushing in one season/1,567 William Andrews/1983 Most TD passes thrown in one game/4 Randy Johnson/1969 Steve Bartkowski/1980 Most TD passes thrown in one season/31 Steve Bartkowski/1980 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Alfred Jenkins/1981 Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Alfred Jenkins/1981 Most points scored in one game/18 Lynn Cain/1979 Alfred Jenkins/1981 William Andrews/1982 Most points scored in one season/114 Mike Luckhurst/1981 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Lynn Cain/1979 Alfred Jenkins/1981 William Andrews/1982 Most TD's scored in one season/13 Alfred Jenkins/1981 Page37 Note1 Los Angeles Rams Note2 Home Field: Anaheim Stadium Capacity: 69,007 Team Colours: Royal Blue, Gold, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/247 Willie Ellison/1971 Most yards rushing in one season/2,105 Eric Dickerson/1984 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Bob Waterfield/1949 Norm Van Brocklin/1950 Roman Gabriel/1965 Vince Ferragamo/1980 Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 Vince Ferragamo/1980 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Bob Shaw/1949 Elroy Hirsch/1951 Harold Jackson/1973 Most TD passes caught in one season/17 Elroy Hirsch/1951 Most points scored in one game/24 Elroy Hirsch/1951 Bob Shaw/1949 Harold Jackson/1973 Most points scored in one season/130 David Roy/1973 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Elroy Hirsch/1951 Bob Shaw/1959 Harold Jackson/1973 Most TD's scored in one season/20 Eric Dickerson/1983 Page38 Note1 New Orleans Saints Note2 Home Field: Superdome Capacity: 71,684 Team Colours: Gold, Black, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/206 George Rogers/1983 Most yards rushing in one season/1,674 George Rogers/1981 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Billy Kilmer/1969 Most TD passes thrown in one season/23 Archie Manning/1980 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Dan Abramowicz/1971 Most TD passes caught in one season/9 Henry Childs/1977 Most points scored in one game/18 Walt Roberts/1967 Dan Abramowicz/1971 Archie Manning/1977 Chuck Muncie/1979 George Rogers/1981 Wayne Wilson/1982 Most points scored in one season/99 Tom Dempsey/1969 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Walt Roberts/1967 Dan Abramowicz/1971 Archie Manning/1977 Chuck Muncie/1979 George Rogers/1981 Wayne Wilson/1982 Most TD's scored in one season/13 George Rogers/1981 Page39 Note1 San Francisco 49ers Note2 Home Field: Candlestick Park Capacity: 61,185 Team Colours: Gold and Scarlet Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/194 Delvin Williams/1976 Most yards rushing in one season/1,203 Delvin Williams/1976 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Frank Albert/1949 John Brodie/1965 Steve Spurvier/1972 Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 John Brodie/1965 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Alyn Beals/1948/1949 Gordy Soltau/1951 Bernie Casey/1962 Dave Parks/1965 Gene Washington/1972 Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Alyn Beals/1948 Most points scored in one game/26 Gordy Soltau/1951 Most points scored in one season/131 Ray Wersching/1984 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Billy Kilmer/1961 Most TD's scored in one season/14 Alyn Beals/1948 Page40 Note1 Buffalo Bills Note2 Home Field: Rich Stadium Capacity: 80,290 Team Colours: Scarlet, Royal Blue, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/173 O.J. Simpson/1976 Most yards rushing in one season/2,003 O.J. Simpson/1973 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Joe Ferguson/1979 Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Joe Ferguson/1983 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Jerry Butler/1979 Most TD passes caught in one season/10 Elbert Dubenion/1964 Most points scored in one game/30 Cookie Gilchrist/1963 Most points scored in one season/138 O.J. Simpson/1975 Most TD's scored in one game/5 Cookie Gilchrist/1963 Most TD's scored in one season/23 O.J. Simpson/1975 Note3 AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE TEAMS Page41 Note1 Indianapolis Colts Note2 Home Field: Hoosier Dome Capacity: 60,127 Team Colours: Royal Blue and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/198 Norm Bulaich/1971 Most yards rushing in one season/1,200 Lydell Mitchell/1976 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Garry Cuozzo/1965 Most TD passes thrown in one season/32 John Unitas/1959 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Jim Mutscheller/1957 Raymond Berry/1960 Jimmy Orr/1962/1964 Roger Carr/1976 Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Raymond Berry/1959 Most points scored in one game/24 Lenny Moore/1958/1960 Lydell Mitchell/1975 Most points scored in one season/120 Lenny Moore/1964 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Lenny Moore/1958/1960 Lydell Mitchell/1975 Most TD's scored in one season/20 Lenny Mooore/1964 Page42 Note1 Miami Dolphins Note2 Home Field: Orange Bowl Capacity: 75,206 Team Colours: Aqua and Orange Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/197 Mercury Morris/1973 Most yards rushing in one season/1,258 Delvin Williams/1978 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Bob Grieve/1977 Most TD passes thrown in one season/48 Dan Marino/1984 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Paul Warfield/1973 Most TD passes caught in one season/18 Mark Clayton/1984 Most points scored in one game/24 Paul Warfield/1973 Most points scored in one season/117 Garo Yepremian/1971 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Paul Warfield/1973 Most TD's scored in one season/18 Mark Clayton/1984 Page43 Note1 New England Patriots Note2 Home Field: Sullivan Stadium Capacity: 60,890 Team Colours: Red, White, and Blue Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/212 Tony Collins/1983 Most yards rushing in one season/1,458 Jim Nance/1966 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Babe Parilli/1964/1967 Steve Grogan/1979 Most TD passes thrown in one season/31 Babe Parilli/1964 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Billy Lott/1961 Gino Cappelletti/1964 Jim Whalen/1967 Harold Jackson/1979 Derrick Ramsey/1984 Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Stanley Morgan/1979 Most points scored in one game/28 Gino Cappelletti/1965 Most points scored in one season/155 Gino Cappelletti/1964 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Billy Lott/1961 Larry Garron/1964/1966 Gino Cappelletti/1964 Jim Whalen/1967 Sam Cunningham/1974/1975 Mack Herron/1974 Harold Jackson/1979 Derrick Ramsey/1984 Most TD's scored in one season/13 Steve Grogan/1976 Stanley Morgan/1979 Page44 Note1 New York Jets Note2 Home Field: Giants Stadium Capacity: 76,891 Team Colours: Kelly Green, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/180 Matt Snell/1964 Most yards rushing in one season/1,070 Freeman McNeil/1984 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Joe Namath/1972 Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Al Dorrow/1960 Joe Namath/1967 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Art Powell/1960 Don Maynard/1963/1967 Rick Caster/1972 Wesley Walker/1982/1984 Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Art Powell/1960 Don Maynard/1965 Most points scored in one game/19 Jim Turner/1968 Pat Leahy/1984 Most points scored in one season/145 Jim Turner/1968 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Art Powell/1960 Don Maynard/1963/1967 Emerson Boozer/1967/1972 Billy Joe/1968 Rick Caster/1972 John Riggins/1974 Kevin Long/1978/1979 Wesley Walker/1982/1984 Most TD's scored in one season/14 Art Powell/1960 Don Maynard/1965 Page45 Note1 Cincinnati Bengals Note2 Home Field: Riverfront Stadium Capacity: 59,754 Team Colours: Orange, Black, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/160 Pete Johnson/1978 Most yards rushing in one season/1,077 Pete Johnson/1981 Most TD passes thrown in one game/4 Greg Cook/1969 Ken Anderson/1976 Most TD passes thrown in one season/29 Ken Anderson/1981 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Bob Trumpy/1969 Isaac Curtis/1973/1979 Most TD passes caught in one season/10 Isaac Curtis/1974 Most points scored in one game/19 Horst Muhlmann/1970 Most points scored in one season/115 Jim Breech/1981 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Larry Kinnebreau/1984 Most TD's scored in one season/16 Pete Johnson/1981 Page46 Note1 Houston Oilers Note2 Home Field: Astrodome Capacity: 50,452 Team Colours: Scarlet, Blue, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/216 Billy Cannon/1961 Most yards rushing in one season/1,934 Earl Campbell/1980 Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 George Blanda/1961 Most TD passes thrown in one season/36 George Blanda/1961 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Bill Groman/1960/1961 Billy Cannon/1961 Charlie Hennigan/1961 Charles Frazier/1966 Dave Casper/1981 Most TD passes caught in one season/17 Bill Groman/1961 Most points scored in one game/30 Billy Cannon/1961 Most points scored in one season/115 George Blanda/1960 Most TD's scored in one game/5 Billy Cannon/1961 Most TD's scored in one season/19 Earl Campbell/1979 Page47 Note1 Cleveland Browns Note2 Home Field: Cleveland Stadium Capacity: 80,098 Team Colours: Cleveland Brown, Orange, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/237 Jim Brown/1957/1961 Most yards rushing in one season/1,863 Jim Brown/1963 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Frank Ryan/1964 Bill Nelsen/1969 Brian Sipe/1979 Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 Brian Sipe/1980 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Mac Speedie/1961 Darrell Brewster/1953 Ray Renfro/1959 Garry Collins/1963 Reggie Rucker/1976 Larry Poole/1977 Calvin Hill/1978 Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Garry Collins/1963 Most points scored in one game/36 Dub Jones/1951 Most points scored in one season/126 Jim Brown/1965 Most TD's scored in one game/6 Dub Jones/1961 Most TD's scored in one season/21 Jim Brown/1965 Page48 Note1 Pittsburgh Steelers Note2 Home Field: Three Rivers Stadium Capacity: 59,000 Team Colours: Black and Gold Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/218 John Fuqua/1970 Most yards rushing in one season/1,246 Franco Harris/1975 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Terry Bradshaw/1981 Most TD passes thrown in one season/28 Terry Bradshaw/1978 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Roy Jefferson/1968 Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Buddy Dial/1961 Most points scored in one game/24 Ray Mathews/1954 Roy Jefferson/1968 Most points scored in one season/123 Roy Gerela/1973 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Ray Mathews/1954 Roy Jefferson/1968 Most TD's scored in one season/14 Franco Harris/1976 Page49 Note1 Denver Broncos Note2 Home Field: Mile High Stadium Capacity: 75,100 Team Colours: Orange, Blue, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/183 Otis Armstrong/1974 Most yards rushing in one season/1,407 Otis Armstrong/1974 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Frank Tripucka/1962 John Elway/1984 Most TD passes thrown in one season/24 Frank Tripucka/1960 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Lionel Taylor/1960 Bob Scarpitto/1966 Haven Moses/1973 Steve Watson/1981 Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Steve Watson/1981 Most points scored in one game/21 Gene Mingo/1960 Most points scored in one season/137 Gene Mingo/1962 Most TD's scored in one game/3 Lionel Taylor/1980 Joe Keyworth/1974 Don Stone/1962 Steve Watson/1981 Bob Scarpitto/1966 Floyd Little/1972/1973 Haven Moses/1973 Otis Armstrong/1974 Most TD's scored in one season/13 Floyd Little/1972/1973 Steve Watson/1981 Page50 Note1 Kansas City Chiefs Note2 Home Field: Arrowhead Stadium Capacity: 78,094 Team Colours: Red and Gold Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/193 Joe Delaney/1981 Most yards rushing in one season/1,121 Joe Delaney/1981 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Len Dawson/1964 Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 Len Dawson/1964 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Frank Jackson/1964 Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Chris Burford/1962 Most points scored in one game/30 Abner Haynes/1961 Most points scored in one season/129 Jan Stenerud/1968 Most TD's scored in one game/5 Abner Haynes/1961 Most TD's scored in one season/19 Abner Haynes/1962 Page51 Note1 Los Angeles Raiders Note2 Home Field: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Capacity: 92,600 Team Colours: Silver and Black Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/200 Clem Daniels/1963 Most yards rushing in one season/1,273 Mark van Eeghen/1977 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Tom Flores/1963 Daryle Lamonica/1969 Most TD passes thrown in one season/34 Daryle Lamonica/1969 Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Art Powell/1963 Most TD passes caught in one season/16 Art Powell/1963 Most points scored in one game/24 Art Powell/1963 Marcus Allen/1984 Most points scored in one season/117 George Blanda/1968 Most TD's scored in one game/4 Art Powell/1963 Marcus Allen/1984 Most TD's scored in one season/18 Marcus Allen/1984 Page52 Note1 San Diego Chargers Note2 Home Field: San Diego Jack Murphy Stadium Capacity: 60,100 Team Colours: Blue, Gold, and White Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/206 Keith Lincoln/1964 Most yards rushing in one season/1,162 Don Woods/1974 Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Dan Fouts/1981 Most TD passes thrown in one season/33 Dan Fouts/1981 Most TD passes caught in one game/5 Kellen Winslow/1981 Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Lance Alworth/1965 Most points scored in one game/30 Kellen Winslow/1981 Most points scored in one season/118 Rolf Benirschke/1980 Most TD's scored in one game/5 Kellen Winslow/1981 Most TD's scored in one season/19 Chuck Muncie/1981 Page53 Note1 Seattle Seahawks Note2 Home Field: Kingdome Capacity: 64,757 Team Colours: Blue, Green, and Silver Individual Player's Records Action/Record Player/Year Most yards rushing in one game/207 Curt Warner/1983 Most yards rushing in one season/1,449 Curt Warner/1983 Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Dane King/1984 Most TD passes thrown in one season/22 Jim Zorn/1980 Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Steve Largent/1983/1984 Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Steve Largent/1984 Most points scored in one game/18 David Sims/1978 Sherman Smith/1979 Steve Largent/1983/1984 Curt Warner/1983 Most points scored in one season/110 Norm Johnson/1984 Most TD's scored in one game/4 David Sims/1978 Sherman Smith/1979 Steve Largent/1983 Curt Warner/1983 Most TD's scored in one season/15 David Sims/1978 Page54 Note1 UNUSUAL FOOTBALL TERMS Note2 Animal: a very wild player: usually a defensive linemen; doesn't always follow the "sportsmanlike" rules. Audible: after the huddle the offense moves to the line; the quarterback sees something in the defense to make him want to change the play that was called; he shouts out a series of code words, phrases, or numbers to inform his team of the change; what he shouts is called an audible. Bomb: a long, floating pass. Bootleg: a running play in which the quarterback carries the ball; often he fakes a handoff first. Broken-field running: the ball carrier running through the different opponents trying to tackle him. Bullet: a hard, straight, accurate forward pass; the quarterback is often said to rifle the pass. Buttonhook: a pass pattern; the receiver runs downfield about 15 to 20 yards then abruptly reverses and runs back toward the quarterback - like a U-turn. Page55 Note1 Cadence: the rhythm a quarterback uses in calling out the signals on the line; a quarterback may change his cadence to fool the defense and make them go offside. Clothesline tackle: stopping the runner by extending your arm straight out and letting the runner's adam's apple hit it. Coffin corner: the corners of your end of the field near your end zone; that is the target of most punts. Counter play: the quarterback and his blockers move one way while the ball is handed off to a runner going in the opposite direction. Cut: change direction very suddenly. Eat the ball: when the qaurterback knows he's about to be sacked and he has nowhere safe to throw the ball, he just accepts his fate and holds onto the ball ( eats the ball ) for a loss. Flanker: referred to today as a wide receiver; a back moved away to the side of the line and about to run downfield for a pass. Flat: this is the part of the field directly to the left or right of the line as seen by the quarterback. Gamer: a player willing to play no matter what has happened to him or how he feels and does his best for as long as he can. Page56 Note1 Go against the grain: move against the flow of the action. Grind it out: make gains on the ground slowly but continuously. Hang time: the length of time a kicked ball remains in the air: the longer the hang time the better as long as you still get good distance on the kick. Hitch: a pass pattern; like a short buttonhook. In the trenches: the action on the line. Muff: to botch up a play; usually used when a player recovers a fumbled ball only to fumble it again. Pit: the trenches; the action on the line. Playbook: the book (kept as secret as possible) in which a team keeps all its plays and their descriptions. Red dog: this is a play in which the linebacker(s) go straight at the quarterback; it is a play with a message for the quarterback that the linebackers try to deliver personally. Rollout: this is the quarterback's move; if he moves out of the pocket and down the line to throw or run, he rolls out. Sack: to tackle the quarterback for a loss. Page57 Note1 Safety valve: this player is the one the quarterback can quickly dump a pass to if the quarterback sees he's in trouble with his primary receivers downfield. Scramble: run any way you can to escape a tackle; usually this term is used for the quarterback after his pocket breaks down. Shank: kick the ball off the side of your foot by mistake. Slot: a position; it is one yard behind the line and a few yards off tackle but inside the wide receiver. Spike: slam the ball straight down onto the ground; players who have just scored a touchdown often spike the ball in the end zone. Squareout: a pass pattern; the receiver runs straight downfield about 15 yards and then veers toward the sideline. Strip the ball: tackle the ball player and the ball forcing the carrier to fumble. Throw the ball away: if a quarterback sees all his receivers are very closely covered by opponents, he may throw the ball into a safe area of the field where it wont be caught or intercepted; the officials can't prove grounding and the quarterback avoids a loss. Page58 Note1 Two-minute drill: a special series of plays used during the last two minutes of play when a quick touchdown is needed (the hurry-up offense). Zone defense: a pass pattern in which each defender is responsible for a specific area of the field. Page59 Note1 SOME INTERESTING NFL RECORDS Note2 TEAM RECORD Green Bay Packers....Most NFL titles - 11 Pittsburgh Steelers..Most Super Bowl wins - 4 PLAYER RECORD George Blanda......Most points in a career - 2,002 Paul Hornung.......Most points in a single season - 176 John Riggins.......Most touchdowns in one season - 24 Jim Brown.........Most seasons as leading rusher - 8 Walter Payton......Most yards gained rushing in a career - 14,860 Eric Dickerson.....Most yards gained in one season rushing - 2,105 Walter Payton......Most yards gained in a single game - 275 Jim Brown.........Highest average carry rushing in a career - 5.2 Jim Brown.........Most touchdowns rushing in a career - 106 John Riggins.......Most touchdowns rushing in a single season - 24 Ernie Nevers.......Most touchdowns rushing in single game - 6 Dan Marino.........Most passes completed in a single season - 362 Richard Todd.......Most passes completed in a single game - 42 Page60 Note1 PLAYER RECORD Fran Tarkenton......Most yards gained passing in a career - 47,003 Dan Marino.........Most yards gained passing in a season - 5,084 Norm Van Brocklin... Most yards gained passing in a single game - 554 Dan Marino.........Most touchdown passes thrown in a season Charley Joiner......Most receptions in a career - 716 Art Monk...........Most receptions in a single season - 106 Tom Fears..........Most receptions in a single game - 18 Mark Clayton........Most touchdown pass receptions in a season - 18 Bob Shaw...........Most touchdown pass receptions in a Kellen Winslow......single game - 5 Steve O'Neal.......Longest punt - 98 yards Warren Moon........Most fumbles in a single game - 7 Page61 Note1 THE SUPER BOWL RECORDS Note2 PLAYER RECORD Franco Harris......Most points scored in a career - 24 Roger Craig........Most points scored in a single game - 18 Franco Harris......Most yards rushing in a career - 354 Marcus Allen.......Most yards rushing in a single game - 191 Terry Bradshaw.....Most yards gained passing in a career - 932 Joe Montana....... Most yards gained passing in a single game - 331 Terry Bradshaw.....Most touchdown passes thrown in a career - 9 Terry Bradshaw.....Most touchdown passes thrown in a single game - 4 Page62 Note1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Note2 BACK: One of the offensive team in the backfield, that is behind the line. This usually includes the quarterback, fullbacks and halfbacks. On the defensive team it refers to the safeties, cornerbacks, or linebackers. BATTING: Hitting the ball intentionally. The exception to this as a penalty is on the forward pass or a kick attempt. BLITZ: This is a defensive play in which the linebackers or safeties charge across the line of scrimmage in a surprise attack on the quarterback. BLOCK: This is a term used to describe the action of an offensive player trying to stop the defensive player by legal use of his body (any part of his body above his knees). When using his arms, they must be kept in tight to his body. The offensive player may not use his hands. BLOCKER: The player doing the blocking. BLOCKED KICK: A kick that has been stopped or deflected by a defensive player. Page63 Note1 CENTER: The position in the center of the offensive line. This player initiates the play by snapping the ball. CHAIN CREW: Sometimes called the Chain Gang, these three men are in charge of the yardage chains on the sidelines. CLIPPING: An illegal block in which the blocker runs or dives or throws his body into an opponent's back or the back of his legs (if that player is not the ball carrier). Clipping is legal if done on the line and done within a 3 yard by 4 yard rectangle centered on the middle of the offensive linemen. COMPLETION: A forward pass that is caught. CRAWLING: An attempt by a player to advance the ball after he has been tackled or the play has been whistled dead. CUT: A quick change of direction by a runner. DELAY OF GAME: Any action that prolongs the game illegally or not being ready to start play within the alotted time. DOUBLE FOUL: When both teams commit infractions in the same down. Often these penalties off-set each other so no yardage is marked off. DOWN: The action of a single play. At the start of play, the offense has four downs in which to advance the ball ten yards. If they are successful, they start at first down again. Page64 Note1 DROP KICK: The kicker drops the ball to the ground and kicks it as it rebounds. ENCROACHMENT: The defensive term for offside. It is usually a linemen who moves across the neutral zone before the ball is snapped. END ZONES: The area behind the goal posts bounded by the end, side and goal lines. EXTRA POINT: Sometime referred to as "the point after" because it is attempted after a touchdown has been scored. It is a one play chance for the team that just scored a touchdown to gain an extra point. FAIR CATCH: A receiver of a kicked ball has the opportunity to catch the ball and be protected against being tackled. He indictaes he wants a fair catch by raising one arm above his head while the ball is in flight. The receiver may not advance the ball after a fair catch. FIELD GOAL: A three-point score gained by place-kicking or drop-kicking the ball over the opponent's crossbar and between the uprights from behind the line of scrimmage. FORWARD PASS: A pass thrown from in or behind the neutral zone, downfield toward the opponent's goal line. Only the offense may throw a forward pass. Page65 Note1 FOUL: An infraction of a rule. FUMBLE: A ball dropped by a player and is still in play. That is a fumbled ball can't be picked up and run with. GOAL LINE: This line marks the beginning of the end zone and the end of the playing field. There is one goal line at each end of the field. The plane of the goal line must be crossed for a score to take place. HALFTIME: A 15 minute break in play between the halves. The game is divided into four 15 minute quarters. There are two quarters in each half. HANDOFF: The handling of the ball from one offensive player to another. Handoffs are used in offensive play to confuse, surprise or otherwise get past the defense. HUDDLE: This is the team "meeting" prior to a play where the signals and the play are given. The huddle is usually a loose circle of players. ILLEGAL PROCEDURE: A penalty called against the offense for movement on the line after the ball has been set and before it has been snapped. While the quarterback is calling out the signals, the offensive linemen must remain still. Page66 Note1 IN-BOUND LINES: Two sets of lines running on both sides of the field, 70 feet, 9 inches from the side lines. INCOMPLETION: An incomplete forward pass. INELIGIBLE RECEIVER: Any offensive player not legally able to catch a forward pass (usually an inside tackle, a guard, or the center). INTENTIONAL GROUNDING: A rule infraction caused when a passer deliberately throws the ball away in a fake forward pass to avoid being tackled for a loss. INTERCEPTION: A pass caught by an opponent. Their player may run with the ball. KICK-OFF: The kick used to start play at the start of the game, at the beginning of the second half, and after each score. LATERAL: Also called a backward pass, this is a pass that goes back from or parallel to the line of scrimmage. Any player may throw a lateral pass at any time to any teammate. LINE OF SCRIMMAGE: An imaginary line that runs from side line to side line, parallel to the goal lines, and passing through the end of the ball. There are two lines of scrimmage, one for each team. The space between them is the neutral zone. Page67 Note1 LOOSE BALL: A live ball, that is a ball in play, but not in any player's possession. MAN IN MOTION: One offensive back can move as or before the ball is snapped. He must, though, move back from or parallel to his line of scrimmage. Before he starts, the back must be at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage. MULTIPLE FOULS: Two or more fouls committed by the same team in the same down. The opposing team has the choice of which penalty shall be assessed. NEUTRAL ZONE: The area between the two lines of scrimmage and is the width of the ball. OFFENSE: The team in possession of the ball. OFFENSIVE HOLDING: A offensive player illegally using his hands while blocking a defensive player. OFFSIDE: A penalty caused by a player crossing the line of scrimmage before the ball is snapped. ONSIDE KICK: A play by the kicking team to try and regain control of the ball after the kick. It's a short kick, just over ten yards if possible. In actual fact, all kicks are "onside", but this term refers to this specific type of kick. Page68 Note1 OUT-OF-BOUNDS: The area outside the sidelines and endlines. The lines themselves are out-of-bounds also, therefore if a player or the ball touches or crosses these lines it is out-of-bounds. PASS INTERFERENCE: Any act that interferes with a player's chance to catch a pass or to intercept a pass. PENALTY MARKER: A yellow flag thrown down by an official to indicate a rule infraction has occurred. PERSONAL FOUL: Hitting, punching, kneeing, piling on, clipping, unnecessary roughness, or running into the passer or the kicker. PILING ON: Jumping or falling on a downed player after the ball has been whistled dead. PLACE KICK: A kick where the ball is held in place by a teammate or a kicking tee. POCKET: A shield set up by the five interior linemen on the offensive team around the quarterback to protect him while he sets up to throw a forward pass. POSSESSION: The officials must determine when a player has possession of the ball. It is defined as having control of the ball long enough to perform any act common to the game. Page69 Note1 PUNT: A kick made by dropping the ball and kicking it before it hits the ground. PUNT RETURN: The runback made by the team after catching a ball. QUARTER: A 15 minute section of the game. There are four quarters in a game. RECOVER: Gain possession of the ball after a fumble. RETURN: The runback of a kick or an intercepted pass. RUNNING PLAY: A play from the line of scrimmage where no pass is involved. SACK: To dump the quarterback for a loss while he is attempting a forward pass. The defensive players exalt in sacking the quarterback. SAFETY: A two point score made by the team not in possession of the ball. It happens when the offensive team causes the ball to end up behind their own goal line themselves. SCRIMMAGE: The action of a play beginning at the snap and ending when the ball is whistled dead. SHIFT: This is the movement of two or more offensive players changing positions at the same time before the ball is snapped. SNAP: The passing of the ball by the center to a back usually the quarterback. Page70 Note1 SPEARING: Lunging at a player with your helmet in an attempt to injure TACKLE: A defensive player using his hands, arms, or body to stop the ball carrier. TIME-OUT: A stoppage in play during which the official game clock is stopped. TOUCHBACK: When the offensive team stops the play in the defensive team's end zone, the ball is brought out to the 20 yard line to start play. This can happen after a kick-off or a punt. TOUCHDOWN: A six-point score when the ball carrier reaches the end zone of the opposing team. This can happen by running into the end zone, catching a pass into the end zone or recovering a fumble in the end zone. TRY-FOR-POINT: A team that has just scored a touchdown gets one play to put the ball into the opponent's end zone again for extra points. If they place kick the ball between the uprights and above the crossbar, they score one extra point. If they run or pass the ball into the end zone, they score two extra points. TURNOVER: Loosing the ball to the opponents by fumbling or giving up an interception. Page71 Note1 TWO-MINUTE WARNING: This is a time-out called by the officials while they tell each head coach that only two minutes remain in the half. YARDAGE: The number of yards gained or lost by either team or any player. Page72 Courier.font Courier.font Helvetica.font