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Football.2
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1993-05-10
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Note1
M A I N C H A P T E R S
Group1
Button1
Button2
RUNNING
PLAYS
Group2
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PASSING
PLAYS
Group3
Button1
Button2
THE OFFICIALS
AND THEIR
POSITIONS
Group4
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Button2
Group5
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Button2
DEFENSE
Group6
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PENALTIES ON
THE SNAP
Group7
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Button2
DEFENSE
Group8
Button1
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DEFENSIVE
PLAYS
Group9
Button1
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DEFENSIVE
FORMATIONS
Group10
Button1
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THE NFL TEAMS
Group11
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THE AFC TEAMS
Group12
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UNUSUAL TERMS
Group13
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NFL RECORDS
Group14
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THE SUPER BOWL
Group15
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GLOSSARY
OF TERMS
Page1
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Note1
PASSING PLAYS
Note2
Lateral Pass:
A ball passed backward or on a line parallel to the
line of scrimmage. This pass may be thrown at any time. Any player on
either team may throw or receive this pass. If the ball touches the
ground while a lateral pass is being executed, the defensive team can
recover it and take possession but may not advance it. The offensive
team may recover and move a dropped lateral pass.
Picture2
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Page2
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Note1
RUNNING PLAYS
Note2
Traps
A trap play is another deception used
by the offense, this time by the
offensive line. Tackles and centers may
execute a trap, but most often it is done
by the guards. In a trap play, the
offensive lineman who is the "hole" that
the runner is going to go through, pulls
away from the line rather than block
forward. The defender facing him moves
into the space left and is immediately
hit by another defensive lineman pulling
away from a different point on the line.
A successful trap depends intirely on the
quickness, perfect timing and teamwork of
the offensive linemen.
Note3
Sweeps
This is a general term for running plays that go around the end of the
line. The ball carrier sweeps wide of the tight end behind lead
blockers. If the blockers can spring the runner, sweeps can be great
yard gainers.
Note4
BALL CARRIER
Drawing1
Note5
THE BALL CARRIER RUNS ALONG
BEHIND HIS BLOCKERS READY
TO BREAK OUT INTO THE OPEN.
Page3
Note1
RUNNING PLAYS
Group1
Picture1
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page57
Note1
RECEIVERS ALL RUN
REAL PASS PATTERNS
Note2
The Draw Play
This play is the opposite of the
play-action pass. Here the offense wants
the defense to believe that a pass play
is being set up. The offense lines up in
a passing formation. The receivers start
downfield after the snap. All the
blocking assignments begin as pass
blocking. The quarterback drops back as
if to pass. The point of all this
deception is to lure the defense into a
pass rush. Then when they have committed,
the quarterback suddenly hands the ball
off to one of his backs and the defense
is facing a running play. The draw play
works well if the defense is expecting a
pass, such as late in the game and the
offense is behind and they are within
Note3
BACK TAKES HANDOFF AND RUNS
THROUGH THE ONRUSHING
DEFENSE.
Note4
QUARTERBACK DROPS
BACK AS THOUGH TO
PASS.
Drawing1
Page4
Note1
striking distance. The defense will expect, in this situation, that
the offense will try for a touchdown pass.
The draw play is also effective when the defense has been charging a
lot on its own. The draw uses the defense against itself.
Page5
Picture1
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Note1
RUNNING PLAYS
Note2
The Qaurterback Keeper
When the offense is close to their
opponent's goal line, the defense gets heavy
in the center of the line. This makes them open
to quick runs around the end or short passes.
In a quarterback keeper play, the quarterback
fakes a hand off to one of his backs. The back
and his blockers head into the middle of the
line. The quarterback then bootlegs (runs to
one side) around the end of the line and heads
for a touchdown.
The Quarterback Sneak
In this play, the quarterback takes the
snap and then, instead of dropping back or
handing off, he follows his center right into
the defensive line. This play is used on very
short yardage and not too often even then.
Coaches do not like risking injury to their
quarterbacks.
Page6
Note1
THE OFFICIALS
Note2
Note3
KICKING TEAM
Note4
UMPIRE
Note5
RECEIVING TEAM
Note6
REFEREE
Picture1
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page59
Note7
REFEREE:
The referee is the chief official and has over-all
responsibility for the game. As well, his specific duties include
spotting the ball (putting the ball down at the spot where play is to
be resumed), whistling the play or the ball dead, pacing off the
penalties, and acting as the final authority on the score.
UMPIRE:
The umpire's main responsibility is the players' equipment
and their conduct. When play begins at the line of scrimmage, the
umpire watches for illegal plays. He then moves downfield following
the play action.
Note8
KICK-OFF POSITIONS
Note9
BACK JUDGE
Note10
LINE JUDGE
Note11
Note12
REFEREE
Note13
FIELD JUDGE
Note14
SIDE JUDGE
Note15
LINESMAN
Note16
RECEIVING TEAM
Note17
KICKING TEAM
Note18
UMPIRE
Page7
Group1
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judge
Note1
OFFENCE
Note2
DEFENCE
Note3
UMPIRE
Note4
REFEREE
Note5
SIDE JUDGE
Note6
LINESMAN
Note7
JUDGE
Note8
FIELD
JUDGE
Note9
LINE JUDGE
Note10
FIELD GOAL POSITIONS
Note1
THE OFFICIALS
Note2
LINESMAN:
The linesman's main responsibility is to watch for
infractions at the neutral zone at the start of a down (off-side).
He is in charge also of the yardage chains operated by two men on the
sidelines. The yardage chains are the official 10 yard measurement
used to see if a team has advanced the ball far enough for a first
down. As well, the linesman must keep an accurate record of the down.
There is a large "down indicator" sign on the sidelines that is under
his control.
Page8
Note1
THE OFFICIALS
Note2
FIELD JUDGE:
The field judge is really an extension of the referee,
acting for the referee on downfield plays. If for any reason, the
back judge must leave the game, the field judge takes over his
responsibilities.
BACK JUDGE:
The back judge is primarily concerned with maintaining an
accurate time on the game as well as side line infractions.
NOTE:
All officials can call all infractions, even in areas outside
their primary responsibilities.
Page9
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Picture2
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Note1
THE SNAP
One player, usually the
center, passes the ball between
his legs to a player behind him.
The action must be smooth and
continuous. The snapper may not
slide his hands along the ball,
lift his hands or move his feet
until the snap is completed.
Page10
Note1
PENALTIES ON THE SNAP
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Picture2
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Note2
1. False start:
5 yards
Note3
2. player out-of-
bounds on snap:
5 yards
Page11
Note1
PENALTIES ON THE SNAP
Picture1
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Picture2
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Note2
4. offside or encroachment:
a player crossing the
opponen's line of scrimmage
before the ball is snapped:
5 yards.
Note3
5. man in motion:
an offensive backfield
player moving incorrectly
before the ball is snapped:
5 yards.
Page12
Note1
DEFENSE
Note2
What The Defense Does
The defense must stop the offense from getting the needed 10
yards for a first down and from scoring. They have two basic
assignments - tackle the runner and break up plays. To tackle a
runner, the defenders try to pull, push, grab, or knock him to the
ground. A runner is tackled if he is on the ground, in the hold of a
defender and unable to move any further, or is under a group of
defenders. The defenders face many obstacles. The runner often has a
good head of steam up and is hard to hold onto. The runner also lifts
his knees high to discourage would-be tacklers. And of course, the
runner knows what he's going to do (cut left or right, stop and spin)
and the defender must wait and react. In addition to all that, there
are the offensive blockers to contend with. Then, if all that is not
enough, the offensive pass receivers will run their pass patterns on
nearly every play so the safties must follow them. The defenders work
to cover the offense while the offense tries to beat the defensive
coverage.
Defensive Positions
The defensive team basically has three positions; defensive
linemen, linebackers, and defensive backs.
Page13
Note1
Defensive Linemen
The defensive linemen take positions on the line of scrimmage
facing the offensive linemen. Their jobs are to rush and if possible
sack the quarterback and to stop any ball carrier trying to break
through the line. The defensive linemen almost always move forward
when the ball is snapped. Prior to the snap, the defensive captain
has called out the defensive formation to use. The number of
defensive linemen used on a play depends entirely on the defensive
formation called (which depends on what offense the defensive captain
is expecting).
The defensive linemen on the ends are often called defensive ends.
The line men between the ends are the defensive tackles. The middle
defensive tackle is the nose guard - named the nose guard because he
lines up nose-to-nose against the offensive center.
Note2
DEFENSE
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Note3
DEFENSIVE LINEMEN (4-3 SET)
Page14
Note1
DEFENSE
Note2
Linebackers
The linebackers, as their name implies, line up directly behind
the defensive linemen. Sometimes they line up right at the line of
scrimmage slotting themselves between the tackles. When watching, you
can tell the defensive tackles from the linebackers by their stance on
the line. The linemen crouch for power. The line backers usually stand
upright. The linebackers defend against all plays - the passing
and the rushing. And sometimes they will even rush the quarterback
with the defensive linemen. Linebackers are further differentiated as
outside linebackers (on the ends), inside linebackers and middle
linebackers.
Group1
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Note1
LINEBACKERS (4-3 SET)
Page15
Note1
Defensive Backs
The defensive backs are behind the secondary (sometimes the
defensive backfield). Primarily, they are pass defenders, but if a
ball carrier breaks through, the defensive backs are the last line of
defense in front of the goal line. If a runner must be stopped by the
secondary, he has made a good gain.
The defensive backs who are closest to the sidelines are called
cornerbacks. Those in the middle are the safeties.
Picture1
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Note2
DEFENSIVE BACKS (4-3 SET)
Drawing1
Note3
CORNERBACK SAFTIES CORNERBACK
Page16
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Note1
DEFENSE
Note2
DEFENSIVE PLAYS
Stack
A linebacker lines up directly
behind a defensive lineman. This allows
the linebackers to charge from any
direction, right, left or straight
ahead. The offensive line now must
worry about where the defenders are
going to come from.
Slants
When a slant is called, the
defensive linemen all charge to the
right or left instead of straight
ahead. Since the defenders know what
they intend to do, a slant call gives
them a slight edge on the line.
Page17
Note1
DEFENSE
Picture1
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Note2
Pinch
This is similar to a two-on-one
block. The defensive linemen line up
facing the spaces between the offensive
linemen. The point of this play is to
take out a specific blocker completely
out of action.
Picture2
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page67
Note3
Stunts
A stunt is where the defenders
exchange the paths they usually follow
with each other. It can be between
defensive linemen, linebackers, linemen
with linebackers, etc. The point of a
stunt is to confuse the offense and
open up a direct hole to the
quarterback.
Page18
Note1
DEFENSE
Picture1
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Note2
The Blitz
This is a defensive play designed
to sack the quarterback on what the
defenders believe is a pass play.
On a blitz, the secondary on their own
or with the linebackers rush the
passer. A blitz to be really
successful must be a surprise. If the
quarterback picks up that a blitz is
coming, he'll call an audible on the
line and probably set up a quick
screen pass over the heads of the
onrushing defenders. In this game of
deception and counter-deception, the
defense will sometimes fake a blitz to
force the quarterback into an audible.
The hope here is that the change will
cause confusion for the offense.
Note3
A dog is a type of blitz
that can be use against
both a run or a pass. Here
a linebacker or linebackers
roar into the offensive
backfield right as the ball
is snapped.
Page19
Picture1
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Note1
DEFENSE
Note2
PASS COVERAGE
Zone Defenses
In this defense pattern, each pass
defender is responsible for a specific
area of the field - a zone. If an
offensive receiver moves into the zone,
that defender follows him, turning the
receiver over to the next defender when
the receiver changes zones.
Strong Zone
The defended area of the field where
a pass could be thrown is divided
into four short pass zones and three
long or deep pass zones. Three
linebackers and a cornerback take the
short zones. The two safeties and the
other cornerback drop back into the
deep zones. It looks like a clockwise
rotation of the defense.
Picture2
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Note3
Weak Zone
This is almost the opposite
of the strong zone coverage.
Here the shift is counter-
clockwise.
Note4
STRONG ZONE
Note5
WEAK ZONE
Drawing1
Page20
Note1
DEFENSE
Note2
Double Zones
The defended area of the
field is divided into five short
zones and two deep zones. Both
cornerbacks and the three
linebackers move into the short
zones. The safeties cover the
deep zones.
This defends well against a
short pass, but if the receiver
gets into that gap between the
deep zones, the defense is in
big trouble.
Picture1
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Note3
Bump and Run
A defensive back is allowed
to hit an eligible receiver as
he starts downfield within five
yards of the line of scrimmage.
To carry out a bump and run, the
defensive back line up directly
in front of the receiver. When
the receiver starts his move
downfield, the defensive back
moves into the receiver and bumps
him. After that contact, the
defender follows the eligible
receiver downfield. The point of
the bump is to throw the timing
of the passing play off - even if
it's just a split second delay
it could be enough to break up
the pass play's success.
Note4
DOUBLE ZONES
Page21
Note1
Man-to-Man Coverage
This pass defense requires a lot from the defenders and is open
to long passes being completed. Man-to-man coverage is not used very
often.
In this defense, the linebackers cover the running backs, the
cornerbacks cover the wide receivers, the strong safety covers the
tight end, and the other safety, the free safety, moves anywhere,
trying to be where the ball is going.
Picture1
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Note2
MAN-TO-MAN COVERAGE
Page22
Note1
DEFENSIVE FORMATIONS
Note2
3-4 Defense
This defense calls for a three man defensive line - a nose tackle
and two defensive ends. The nose tackle goes nose-to-nose with the
offensive center. The ends are off slightly to the side of the
offensive tackles. Behind these defensive linemen (called down
linesmen because they are the only defensive players to go into a
crouch or 3 point stance) are four linebackers. Two outside
linebackers are positioned outside the defensive ends.
In this defense pattern, the linebackers can rush the passer, stay in
the secondary for defense against the break out run or move to beef up
the pass coverage. The defensive ends must decide almost immediately
after the snap whether the play is going to be a run or a pass.
On a running play, they follow the flow and go after the ball
carrier. On a pass, their job is to rush the passer and put pressure
on him in the hope of making the passer rush the pass and maybe make a
serious mistake.
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Note3
3-4 DEFENSE
Page23
Note1
4-3 Defense
When the offense must pass, the defense most likely will use the
4-3 defense. In this formation, two defensive tackles set up directly
in front of the offensive guards. Two defensive ends play outside the
tackles and face the offensive tackles.
The middle linebacker stands between the defensive tackles. One
linebacker is over on the tight end's side. The other linebacker
takes the other side of the line.
While this is a good defense against the pass, it is also
effective against the run because of the extra down linemen up front.
The linebackers vary their starting places in this formation so
the quarterback can't "read" the defense too easily.
Picture1
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Note2
4-3 DEFENSE
Page24
Note1
6-5 or Goal Line Defense
When the ball is close,
within a few yards of the goal
line, a special defense is used.
In the 6-5, there are six down
linemen and five linebackers up
front. Since there can't be a
long pass, they don't have to
defend against the short pass and
the six down linemen are prepared
for the short run.
Picture1
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page71
Note2
END ZONE
Note3
The Nickel Defense
A nickel is five cents. The
nickel defense uses five
defensive backs. The extra back
is called the nickel back. In
this defense there are either
three linebackers and three down
linemen or two linebackers and
four down linemen.
Picture2
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page71
Note4
NICKEL DEFENSE
Note5
GOAL LINE DEFENSE
Page25
Note1
The Flex
The flex is defined as a
flexible 4-3 defense. This
defense puts seven defenders near
the line of scrimmage - four down
linemen and three linebackers.
Two down linemen set up in the
regular stance on the line, ready
to rush. The other two set up a
few yards back of the line almost
as linebackers but in a down
stance.In this defense, all but
the two front down linemen
hesitate after the snap - they
don't rush in immediately. They
try to read the play and then
react to it.
Group1
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page71
Note1
THE FLEX
Page26
Note1
Dallas Cowboys
Note2
Home Field:
Texas Stadium
Capacity:
65,101
Team Colours:
Royal Blue, Metallic Blue, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/206 Tony Dorsett/1978
Most yards rushing in one season/1,646 Tony Dorsett/1981
Most TD passes throw in one game/5 Eddie Le Baron/1962
Don Meredith/1966/1968
Craig Morton/1969/1970
Danny White/1983
Most TD passes thrown in one season/29 Danny White/1983
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Bob Hayes/1970
Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Frank Clarke/1962
Most points scored in one game/24 Dan Reeves/1967
Bob Hayes/1970
Calvin Hill/1971
Duane Thomas/1971
Most points scored in one season/123 Rafael Septien/1983
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Dan Reeves/1967
Bob Hayes/1970
Calvin Hill/1971
Duane Thomas/1971
Most TD's scored in one season/16 Dan Reeves/1966
Note3
NATIONAL FOOTBALL CONFERENCE TEAMS
Page27
Note1
New York Giants
Note2
Home Field:
Giants Stadium
Capacity:
76,891
Team Colours:
Blue, Red, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/218 Gene Roberts/1950
Most yards rushing in one season/1,182 Ron Johnson/1972
Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Y.A. Tittle/1962
Most TD passes thrown in one season/36 Y.A. Tittle/1963
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Earnest Gray/1980
Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Homer Jones/1967
Most points scored in one game/24 Ron Johnson/1972
Earnest Gray/1972
Most points scored in one season/127 Ali Haji-Sheikh/1983
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Ron Johnson /1972
Earnest Gray/1980
Most TD's scored in one season/17 Gene Roberts/1949
Page28
Note1
Philadephia Eagles
Note2
Home Field:
Veterans Stadium
Capacity:
73,484
Team Colours:
Kelly Green, White, and Silver
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/205 Steve Van Buren/1949
Most yards rushing in one season/1,512 Wilbert Montgomery/1979
Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Adrian Burk/1954
Most TD passes thrown in one season/32 Sonny Jurgenson/1961
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Joe Carter/1934
Ben Hawkins/1969
Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Tommy McDonald/1960
Mike Quick/1983
Most points scored in one game/25 Bobby Walston/1954
Most points scored in one season/116 Paul McFadden/1984
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Joe Carter/1934
Clarence Peaks/1958
Tommy McDonald/1959
Ben Hawkins/1969
Wilbert Montgomery/1978
Most TD's scored in one season/18 Steve Van Buren/1945
Page29
Note1
St. Louis Cardinals
Note2
Home Field:
Busch Stadium
Capacity:
51,392
Team Colours:
Cardinal Red, White, and Black
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/203 John Crow/1960
Most yards rushing in one season/1,605 Ottis Anderson/1979
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Jim Hardy/1960
Charley Johnson/1965/1969
Most TD passes thrown in one season/28 Charley Johnson/1963
Neil Lomax/1984
Most TD passes caught in one game/5 Bob Shaw/1950
Most TD passes caught in one season/15 Sonny Randle/1960
Most Points scored in one game/40 Ernie Nevers/1929
Most points scored in one season/117 Jim Bakken/1967
Neil O'Donoghue/1984
Most TD's scored in one game/6 Ernie Nevers/1929
Most TD's scored in one season/17 John Crow/1962
Page30
Note1
Washington Redskins
Note2
Home Field:
Robert F. Kennedy Stadium
Capacity:
55,431
Team Colours:
Burgundy and Gold
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/195 Mike Thomas/1976
Most yards rushing in one season/1,347 John Riggins/1973
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Sam Baugh/1943/1947
Most TD passes thrown in one season/31 Sonny Jurgenson/1967
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Hugh Taylor/1952
Jerry Smith/1967/1969
Pat Richter/1968
Larry Brown/1973
Jean Fugett/1976
Albin Garrett/1982
Art Monk/1984
Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Hugh Taylor/1952
Charley Taylor/1966
Jerry Smith/1967
Most points scored in one game/24 Dick James/1961
Larry Brwon/1973
Most points scored in one season/161 Mark Moseley/1983
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Dick James/1961
Larry Brown/1973
Most TD's scored in one season/24 John Riggins/1983
Page31
Note1
Chicago Bears
Note2
Home Field:
Soldier Field
Capacity:
65,793
Team Colours:
Orange, Navy Blue, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/275 Walter Payton/1977
Most yards rushing in one season/1,852 Walter Payton/1977
Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Sid Luckman/1943
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Harold Hill/1954
Mike Ditka/1963
Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Dick Gordon/1970
Ken Kananaugh/1947
Most points scored in one game/36 Gale Sayers/1965
Most points scored in one season/132 Gale Sayers/1965
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Gale Sayers/1965
Most TD's scored in one season/22 Gale Sayers/1965
Page32
Note1
Detroit Lions
Note2
Home Field:
Pontiac Silverdome
Capacity:
80,638
Team Colours:
Honolulu Blue and Silver
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/198 Bob Hoernschermeyer/1950
Most yards rushing in one season/1,437 Billy Sims/1981
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Garry Danielson/1978
Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Bobby Layne/1951
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Cloyce Box/1950
Most TD passes caught in one season/15 Cloyce Box/1952
Most points scored in one game/24 Cloyce Box/1950
Most points scored in one season/128 Doak Walker/1950
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Cloyce Box/1950
Most TD's scored in one season/16 Billy Sims/1980
Page33
Note1
Green Bay Packers
Note2
Home Field:
County Stadium
Capacity:
55,958
Team Colours:
Green and Gold
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/186 Jim Taylor/1961
Most yards rushing in one season/1,474 Jim Taylor/1962
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Cecil Osbell/1942
Don Horn/1969
Lynn Dickey/1981/1983
Most TD passes thrown in one season/32 Lynn Dickey/1983
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Don Hutson/1945
Most TD passes caught in one season/17 Don Hutson/1943
Most points scored in one game/33 Paul Hornung/1961
Most points scored in one season/176 Paul Hornung/1960
Most TD's scored in one game/5 Paul Hornung/1961
Most TD's scored in one season/19 Jim Taylor/1962
Page34
Note1
Minnesota Vikings
Note2
Home Field:
Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
Capacity:
62,212
Team Colours:
Purple, White, and Gold
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/200 Chuck Foreman/1976
Most yards rushing in one season/1,155 Chuck Foreman/1976
Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 Joe Kapp/1969
Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Tommy Kramer/1981
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Ahmad Rashad/1979
Most TD passes caught in one season/11 Jerry Reichow/1961
Most points scored in one game/24 Chuck Foreman/1975
Ahmad Rashad/1979
Most points scored in one season/132 Chuck Foreman/1975
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Chuck Foreman/1975
Ahmad Rashad/1979
Most TD's scored in one season/22 Chuck Foreman/1975
Page35
Note1
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Note2
Home Field:
Tampa Stadium
Capacity:
73,317
Team Colours:
Florida Orange, White, and Red
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/219 James Wilder/1973
Most yards rushing in one season/1,544 James Wilder/1984
Most TD passes thrown in one game/4 Doug Williams/1980
Jack Thompson/1983
Most TD passes thrown in one season/20 Doug Williams/1980
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Morris Owens/1976
Most TD passes caught in one season/9 Kevin House/1981
Most points scored in one game/18 Morris Owens/1976
Most points scored in one season/95 Obed Ariri/1984
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Morris Owens/1976
Most TD's scored in one season/13 James Wilder/1984
Page36
Note1
Atlanta Falcons
Note2
Home Field:
Atlanta Stadium
Capacity:
60,748
Team Colours:
Red, Black, Silver, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/167 William Andrews/1979
Most yards rushing in one season/1,567 William Andrews/1983
Most TD passes thrown in one game/4 Randy Johnson/1969
Steve Bartkowski/1980
Most TD passes thrown in one season/31 Steve Bartkowski/1980
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Alfred Jenkins/1981
Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Alfred Jenkins/1981
Most points scored in one game/18 Lynn Cain/1979
Alfred Jenkins/1981
William Andrews/1982
Most points scored in one season/114 Mike Luckhurst/1981
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Lynn Cain/1979
Alfred Jenkins/1981
William Andrews/1982
Most TD's scored in one season/13 Alfred Jenkins/1981
Page37
Note1
Los Angeles Rams
Note2
Home Field:
Anaheim Stadium
Capacity:
69,007
Team Colours:
Royal Blue, Gold, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/247 Willie Ellison/1971
Most yards rushing in one season/2,105 Eric Dickerson/1984
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Bob Waterfield/1949
Norm Van Brocklin/1950
Roman Gabriel/1965
Vince Ferragamo/1980
Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 Vince Ferragamo/1980
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Bob Shaw/1949
Elroy Hirsch/1951
Harold Jackson/1973
Most TD passes caught in one season/17 Elroy Hirsch/1951
Most points scored in one game/24 Elroy Hirsch/1951
Bob Shaw/1949
Harold Jackson/1973
Most points scored in one season/130 David Roy/1973
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Elroy Hirsch/1951
Bob Shaw/1959
Harold Jackson/1973
Most TD's scored in one season/20 Eric Dickerson/1983
Page38
Note1
New Orleans Saints
Note2
Home Field:
Superdome
Capacity:
71,684
Team Colours:
Gold, Black, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/206 George Rogers/1983
Most yards rushing in one season/1,674 George Rogers/1981
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Billy Kilmer/1969
Most TD passes thrown in one season/23 Archie Manning/1980
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Dan Abramowicz/1971
Most TD passes caught in one season/9 Henry Childs/1977
Most points scored in one game/18 Walt Roberts/1967
Dan Abramowicz/1971
Archie Manning/1977
Chuck Muncie/1979
George Rogers/1981
Wayne Wilson/1982
Most points scored in one season/99 Tom Dempsey/1969
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Walt Roberts/1967
Dan Abramowicz/1971
Archie Manning/1977
Chuck Muncie/1979
George Rogers/1981
Wayne Wilson/1982
Most TD's scored in one season/13 George Rogers/1981
Page39
Note1
San Francisco 49ers
Note2
Home Field:
Candlestick Park
Capacity:
61,185
Team Colours:
Gold and Scarlet
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/194 Delvin Williams/1976
Most yards rushing in one season/1,203 Delvin Williams/1976
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Frank Albert/1949
John Brodie/1965
Steve Spurvier/1972
Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 John Brodie/1965
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Alyn Beals/1948/1949
Gordy Soltau/1951
Bernie Casey/1962
Dave Parks/1965
Gene Washington/1972
Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Alyn Beals/1948
Most points scored in one game/26 Gordy Soltau/1951
Most points scored in one season/131 Ray Wersching/1984
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Billy Kilmer/1961
Most TD's scored in one season/14 Alyn Beals/1948
Page40
Note1
Buffalo Bills
Note2
Home Field:
Rich Stadium
Capacity:
80,290
Team Colours:
Scarlet, Royal Blue, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/173 O.J. Simpson/1976
Most yards rushing in one season/2,003 O.J. Simpson/1973
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Joe Ferguson/1979
Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Joe Ferguson/1983
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Jerry Butler/1979
Most TD passes caught in one season/10 Elbert Dubenion/1964
Most points scored in one game/30 Cookie Gilchrist/1963
Most points scored in one season/138 O.J. Simpson/1975
Most TD's scored in one game/5 Cookie Gilchrist/1963
Most TD's scored in one season/23 O.J. Simpson/1975
Note3
AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE TEAMS
Page41
Note1
Indianapolis Colts
Note2
Home Field:
Hoosier Dome
Capacity:
60,127
Team Colours:
Royal Blue and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/198 Norm Bulaich/1971
Most yards rushing in one season/1,200 Lydell Mitchell/1976
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Garry Cuozzo/1965
Most TD passes thrown in one season/32 John Unitas/1959
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Jim Mutscheller/1957
Raymond Berry/1960
Jimmy Orr/1962/1964
Roger Carr/1976
Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Raymond Berry/1959
Most points scored in one game/24 Lenny Moore/1958/1960
Lydell Mitchell/1975
Most points scored in one season/120 Lenny Moore/1964
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Lenny Moore/1958/1960
Lydell Mitchell/1975
Most TD's scored in one season/20 Lenny Mooore/1964
Page42
Note1
Miami Dolphins
Note2
Home Field:
Orange Bowl
Capacity:
75,206
Team Colours:
Aqua and Orange
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/197 Mercury Morris/1973
Most yards rushing in one season/1,258 Delvin Williams/1978
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Bob Grieve/1977
Most TD passes thrown in one season/48 Dan Marino/1984
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Paul Warfield/1973
Most TD passes caught in one season/18 Mark Clayton/1984
Most points scored in one game/24 Paul Warfield/1973
Most points scored in one season/117 Garo Yepremian/1971
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Paul Warfield/1973
Most TD's scored in one season/18 Mark Clayton/1984
Page43
Note1
New England Patriots
Note2
Home Field:
Sullivan Stadium
Capacity:
60,890
Team Colours:
Red, White, and Blue
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/212 Tony Collins/1983
Most yards rushing in one season/1,458 Jim Nance/1966
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Babe Parilli/1964/1967
Steve Grogan/1979
Most TD passes thrown in one season/31 Babe Parilli/1964
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Billy Lott/1961
Gino Cappelletti/1964
Jim Whalen/1967
Harold Jackson/1979
Derrick Ramsey/1984
Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Stanley Morgan/1979
Most points scored in one game/28 Gino Cappelletti/1965
Most points scored in one season/155 Gino Cappelletti/1964
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Billy Lott/1961
Larry Garron/1964/1966
Gino Cappelletti/1964
Jim Whalen/1967
Sam Cunningham/1974/1975
Mack Herron/1974
Harold Jackson/1979
Derrick Ramsey/1984
Most TD's scored in one season/13 Steve Grogan/1976
Stanley Morgan/1979
Page44
Note1
New York Jets
Note2
Home Field:
Giants Stadium
Capacity:
76,891
Team Colours:
Kelly Green, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/180 Matt Snell/1964
Most yards rushing in one season/1,070 Freeman McNeil/1984
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Joe Namath/1972
Most TD passes thrown in one season/26 Al Dorrow/1960
Joe Namath/1967
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Art Powell/1960
Don Maynard/1963/1967
Rick Caster/1972
Wesley Walker/1982/1984
Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Art Powell/1960
Don Maynard/1965
Most points scored in one game/19 Jim Turner/1968
Pat Leahy/1984
Most points scored in one season/145 Jim Turner/1968
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Art Powell/1960
Don Maynard/1963/1967
Emerson Boozer/1967/1972
Billy Joe/1968
Rick Caster/1972
John Riggins/1974
Kevin Long/1978/1979
Wesley Walker/1982/1984
Most TD's scored in one season/14 Art Powell/1960
Don Maynard/1965
Page45
Note1
Cincinnati Bengals
Note2
Home Field:
Riverfront Stadium
Capacity:
59,754
Team Colours:
Orange, Black, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/160 Pete Johnson/1978
Most yards rushing in one season/1,077 Pete Johnson/1981
Most TD passes thrown in one game/4 Greg Cook/1969
Ken Anderson/1976
Most TD passes thrown in one season/29 Ken Anderson/1981
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Bob Trumpy/1969
Isaac Curtis/1973/1979
Most TD passes caught in one season/10 Isaac Curtis/1974
Most points scored in one game/19 Horst Muhlmann/1970
Most points scored in one season/115 Jim Breech/1981
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Larry Kinnebreau/1984
Most TD's scored in one season/16 Pete Johnson/1981
Page46
Note1
Houston Oilers
Note2
Home Field:
Astrodome
Capacity:
50,452
Team Colours:
Scarlet, Blue, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/216 Billy Cannon/1961
Most yards rushing in one season/1,934 Earl Campbell/1980
Most TD passes thrown in one game/7 George Blanda/1961
Most TD passes thrown in one season/36 George Blanda/1961
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Bill Groman/1960/1961
Billy Cannon/1961
Charlie Hennigan/1961
Charles Frazier/1966
Dave Casper/1981
Most TD passes caught in one season/17 Bill Groman/1961
Most points scored in one game/30 Billy Cannon/1961
Most points scored in one season/115 George Blanda/1960
Most TD's scored in one game/5 Billy Cannon/1961
Most TD's scored in one season/19 Earl Campbell/1979
Page47
Note1
Cleveland Browns
Note2
Home Field:
Cleveland Stadium
Capacity:
80,098
Team Colours:
Cleveland Brown, Orange, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/237 Jim Brown/1957/1961
Most yards rushing in one season/1,863 Jim Brown/1963
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Frank Ryan/1964
Bill Nelsen/1969
Brian Sipe/1979
Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 Brian Sipe/1980
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Mac Speedie/1961
Darrell Brewster/1953
Ray Renfro/1959
Garry Collins/1963
Reggie Rucker/1976
Larry Poole/1977
Calvin Hill/1978
Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Garry Collins/1963
Most points scored in one game/36 Dub Jones/1951
Most points scored in one season/126 Jim Brown/1965
Most TD's scored in one game/6 Dub Jones/1961
Most TD's scored in one season/21 Jim Brown/1965
Page48
Note1
Pittsburgh Steelers
Note2
Home Field:
Three Rivers Stadium
Capacity:
59,000
Team Colours:
Black and Gold
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/218 John Fuqua/1970
Most yards rushing in one season/1,246 Franco Harris/1975
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Terry Bradshaw/1981
Most TD passes thrown in one season/28 Terry Bradshaw/1978
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Roy Jefferson/1968
Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Buddy Dial/1961
Most points scored in one game/24 Ray Mathews/1954
Roy Jefferson/1968
Most points scored in one season/123 Roy Gerela/1973
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Ray Mathews/1954
Roy Jefferson/1968
Most TD's scored in one season/14 Franco Harris/1976
Page49
Note1
Denver Broncos
Note2
Home Field:
Mile High Stadium
Capacity:
75,100
Team Colours:
Orange, Blue, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/183 Otis Armstrong/1974
Most yards rushing in one season/1,407 Otis Armstrong/1974
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Frank Tripucka/1962
John Elway/1984
Most TD passes thrown in one season/24 Frank Tripucka/1960
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Lionel Taylor/1960
Bob Scarpitto/1966
Haven Moses/1973
Steve Watson/1981
Most TD passes caught in one season/13 Steve Watson/1981
Most points scored in one game/21 Gene Mingo/1960
Most points scored in one season/137 Gene Mingo/1962
Most TD's scored in one game/3 Lionel Taylor/1980
Joe Keyworth/1974
Don Stone/1962
Steve Watson/1981
Bob Scarpitto/1966
Floyd Little/1972/1973
Haven Moses/1973
Otis Armstrong/1974
Most TD's scored in one season/13 Floyd Little/1972/1973
Steve Watson/1981
Page50
Note1
Kansas City Chiefs
Note2
Home Field:
Arrowhead Stadium
Capacity:
78,094
Team Colours:
Red and Gold
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/193 Joe Delaney/1981
Most yards rushing in one season/1,121 Joe Delaney/1981
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Len Dawson/1964
Most TD passes thrown in one season/30 Len Dawson/1964
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Frank Jackson/1964
Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Chris Burford/1962
Most points scored in one game/30 Abner Haynes/1961
Most points scored in one season/129 Jan Stenerud/1968
Most TD's scored in one game/5 Abner Haynes/1961
Most TD's scored in one season/19 Abner Haynes/1962
Page51
Note1
Los Angeles Raiders
Note2
Home Field:
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Capacity:
92,600
Team Colours:
Silver and Black
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/200 Clem Daniels/1963
Most yards rushing in one season/1,273 Mark van Eeghen/1977
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Tom Flores/1963
Daryle Lamonica/1969
Most TD passes thrown in one season/34 Daryle Lamonica/1969
Most TD passes caught in one game/4 Art Powell/1963
Most TD passes caught in one season/16 Art Powell/1963
Most points scored in one game/24 Art Powell/1963
Marcus Allen/1984
Most points scored in one season/117 George Blanda/1968
Most TD's scored in one game/4 Art Powell/1963
Marcus Allen/1984
Most TD's scored in one season/18 Marcus Allen/1984
Page52
Note1
San Diego Chargers
Note2
Home Field:
San Diego Jack Murphy Stadium
Capacity:
60,100
Team Colours:
Blue, Gold, and White
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/206 Keith Lincoln/1964
Most yards rushing in one season/1,162 Don Woods/1974
Most TD passes thrown in one game/6 Dan Fouts/1981
Most TD passes thrown in one season/33 Dan Fouts/1981
Most TD passes caught in one game/5 Kellen Winslow/1981
Most TD passes caught in one season/14 Lance Alworth/1965
Most points scored in one game/30 Kellen Winslow/1981
Most points scored in one season/118 Rolf Benirschke/1980
Most TD's scored in one game/5 Kellen Winslow/1981
Most TD's scored in one season/19 Chuck Muncie/1981
Page53
Note1
Seattle Seahawks
Note2
Home Field:
Kingdome
Capacity:
64,757
Team Colours:
Blue, Green, and Silver
Individual Player's Records
Action/Record Player/Year
Most yards rushing in one game/207 Curt Warner/1983
Most yards rushing in one season/1,449 Curt Warner/1983
Most TD passes thrown in one game/5 Dane King/1984
Most TD passes thrown in one season/22 Jim Zorn/1980
Most TD passes caught in one game/3 Steve Largent/1983/1984
Most TD passes caught in one season/12 Steve Largent/1984
Most points scored in one game/18 David Sims/1978
Sherman Smith/1979
Steve Largent/1983/1984
Curt Warner/1983
Most points scored in one season/110 Norm Johnson/1984
Most TD's scored in one game/4 David Sims/1978
Sherman Smith/1979
Steve Largent/1983
Curt Warner/1983
Most TD's scored in one season/15 David Sims/1978
Page54
Note1
UNUSUAL FOOTBALL TERMS
Note2
Animal:
a very wild player: usually a defensive linemen; doesn't
always follow the "sportsmanlike" rules.
Audible:
after the huddle the offense moves to the line; the
quarterback sees something in the defense to make him want to change
the play that was called; he shouts out a series of code words,
phrases, or numbers to inform his team of the change; what he shouts
is called an
audible.
Bomb:
a long, floating pass.
Bootleg:
a running play in which the quarterback carries the ball;
often he fakes a handoff first.
Broken-field running:
the ball carrier running through the different
opponents trying to tackle him.
Bullet:
a hard, straight, accurate forward pass; the quarterback is
often said to
rifle the pass.
Buttonhook:
a pass pattern; the receiver runs downfield about 15 to
20 yards then abruptly reverses and runs back toward the quarterback -
like a U-turn.
Page55
Note1
Cadence:
the rhythm a quarterback uses in calling out the signals on
the line; a quarterback may change his cadence to fool the defense
and make them go offside.
Clothesline tackle:
stopping the runner by extending your arm
straight out and letting the runner's adam's apple hit it.
Coffin corner:
the corners of your end of the field near your end
zone; that is the target of most punts.
Counter play:
the quarterback and his blockers move one way while the
ball is handed off to a runner going in the opposite direction.
Cut:
change direction very suddenly.
Eat the ball:
when the qaurterback knows he's about to be sacked and
he has nowhere safe to throw the ball, he just accepts his fate and
holds onto the ball (
eats the ball
) for a loss.
Flanker:
referred to today as a wide receiver; a back moved away to
the side of the line and about to run downfield for a pass.
Flat:
this is the part of the field directly to the left or right of
the line as seen by the quarterback.
Gamer:
a player willing to play no matter what has happened to him or
how he feels and does his best for as long as he can.
Page56
Note1
Go against the grain:
move against the flow of the action.
Grind it out:
make gains on the ground slowly but continuously.
Hang time:
the length of time a kicked ball remains in the air:
the longer the hang time the better as long as you still get good
distance on the kick.
Hitch:
a pass pattern; like a short buttonhook.
In the trenches:
the action on the line.
Muff:
to botch up a play; usually used when a player recovers a
fumbled ball only to fumble it again.
Pit:
the trenches; the action on the line.
Playbook:
the book (kept as secret as possible) in which a team keeps
all its plays and their descriptions.
Red dog:
this is a play in which the linebacker(s) go straight at the
quarterback; it is a play with a message for the quarterback that the
linebackers try to deliver personally.
Rollout:
this is the quarterback's move; if he moves out of the
pocket and down the line to throw or run, he
rolls out.
Sack:
to tackle the quarterback for a loss.
Page57
Note1
Safety valve:
this player is the one the quarterback can quickly dump
a pass to if the quarterback sees he's in trouble with his primary
receivers downfield.
Scramble:
run any way you can to escape a tackle; usually this term is
used for the quarterback after his pocket breaks down.
Shank:
kick the ball off the side of your foot by mistake.
Slot:
a position; it is one yard behind the line and a few yards off
tackle but inside the wide receiver.
Spike:
slam the ball straight down onto the ground; players who have
just scored a touchdown often spike the ball in the end zone.
Squareout:
a pass pattern; the receiver runs straight downfield about
15 yards and then veers toward the sideline.
Strip the ball:
tackle the ball player and the ball forcing the
carrier to fumble.
Throw the ball away:
if a quarterback sees all his receivers are very
closely covered by opponents, he may throw the ball into a safe area
of the field where it wont be caught or intercepted; the officials
can't prove grounding and the quarterback avoids a loss.
Page58
Note1
Two-minute drill:
a special series of plays used during the last two
minutes of play when a quick touchdown is needed (the hurry-up
offense).
Zone defense:
a pass pattern in which each defender is responsible
for a specific area of the field.
Page59
Note1
SOME INTERESTING NFL RECORDS
Note2
TEAM RECORD
Green Bay Packers....Most NFL titles - 11
Pittsburgh Steelers..Most Super Bowl wins - 4
PLAYER RECORD
George Blanda......Most points in a career - 2,002
Paul Hornung.......Most points in a single season - 176
John Riggins.......Most touchdowns in one season - 24
Jim Brown.........Most seasons as leading rusher - 8
Walter Payton......Most yards gained rushing in a career - 14,860
Eric Dickerson.....Most yards gained in one season rushing - 2,105
Walter Payton......Most yards gained in a single game - 275
Jim Brown.........Highest average carry rushing in a career - 5.2
Jim Brown.........Most touchdowns rushing in a career - 106
John Riggins.......Most touchdowns rushing in a single season - 24
Ernie Nevers.......Most touchdowns rushing in single game - 6
Dan Marino.........Most passes completed in a single season - 362
Richard Todd.......Most passes completed in a single game - 42
Page60
Note1
PLAYER RECORD
Fran Tarkenton......Most yards gained passing in a career - 47,003
Dan Marino.........Most yards gained passing in a season - 5,084
Norm Van Brocklin... Most yards gained passing in a single game - 554
Dan Marino.........Most touchdown passes thrown in a season
Charley Joiner......Most receptions in a career - 716
Art Monk...........Most receptions in a single season - 106
Tom Fears..........Most receptions in a single game - 18
Mark Clayton........Most touchdown pass receptions in a season - 18
Bob Shaw...........Most touchdown pass receptions in a
Kellen Winslow......single game - 5
Steve O'Neal.......Longest punt - 98 yards
Warren Moon........Most fumbles in a single game - 7
Page61
Note1
THE SUPER BOWL RECORDS
Note2
PLAYER RECORD
Franco Harris......Most points scored in a career - 24
Roger Craig........Most points scored in a single game - 18
Franco Harris......Most yards rushing in a career - 354
Marcus Allen.......Most yards rushing in a single game - 191
Terry Bradshaw.....Most yards gained passing in a career - 932
Joe Montana....... Most yards gained passing in a single game - 331
Terry Bradshaw.....Most touchdown passes thrown in a career - 9
Terry Bradshaw.....Most touchdown passes thrown in a single game - 4
Page62
Note1
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Note2
BACK:
One of the offensive team in the backfield, that is behind the
line. This usually includes the quarterback, fullbacks and halfbacks.
On the defensive team it refers to the safeties, cornerbacks, or
linebackers.
BATTING:
Hitting the ball intentionally. The exception to this as a
penalty is on the forward pass or a kick attempt.
BLITZ:
This is a defensive play in which the linebackers or safeties
charge across the line of scrimmage in a surprise attack on the
quarterback.
BLOCK:
This is a term used to describe the action of an offensive
player trying to stop the defensive player by legal use of his body
(any part of his body above his knees). When using his arms, they must
be kept in tight to his body. The offensive player may not use his
hands.
BLOCKER:
The player doing the blocking.
BLOCKED KICK:
A kick that has been stopped or deflected by a
defensive player.
Page63
Note1
CENTER:
The position in the center of the offensive line. This player
initiates the play by snapping the ball.
CHAIN CREW:
Sometimes called the Chain Gang, these three men are in
charge of the yardage chains on the sidelines.
CLIPPING:
An illegal block in which the blocker runs or dives or
throws his body into an opponent's back or the back of his legs (if
that player is not the ball carrier). Clipping is legal if done on
the line and done within a 3 yard by 4 yard rectangle centered on the
middle of the offensive linemen.
COMPLETION:
A forward pass that is caught.
CRAWLING:
An attempt by a player to advance the ball after he has been
tackled or the play has been whistled dead.
CUT:
A quick change of direction by a runner.
DELAY OF GAME:
Any action that prolongs the game illegally or not
being ready to start play within the alotted time.
DOUBLE FOUL:
When both teams commit infractions in the same down.
Often these penalties off-set each other so no yardage is marked off.
DOWN:
The action of a single play. At the start of play, the offense
has four downs in which to advance the ball ten yards. If they are
successful, they start at first down again.
Page64
Note1
DROP KICK:
The kicker drops the ball to the ground and kicks it as it
rebounds.
ENCROACHMENT:
The defensive term for offside. It is usually a linemen
who moves across the neutral zone before the ball is snapped.
END ZONES:
The area behind the goal posts bounded by the end, side and
goal lines.
EXTRA POINT:
Sometime referred to as "the point after" because it is
attempted after a touchdown has been scored. It is a one play chance
for the team that just scored a touchdown to gain an extra point.
FAIR CATCH:
A receiver of a kicked ball has the opportunity to catch
the ball and be protected against being tackled. He indictaes he
wants a fair catch by raising one arm above his head while the ball is
in flight. The receiver may not advance the ball after a fair catch.
FIELD GOAL:
A three-point score gained by place-kicking or
drop-kicking the ball over the opponent's crossbar and between the
uprights from behind the line of scrimmage.
FORWARD PASS:
A pass thrown from in or behind the neutral zone,
downfield toward the opponent's goal line. Only the offense may throw
a forward pass.
Page65
Note1
FOUL:
An infraction of a rule.
FUMBLE:
A ball dropped by a player and is still in play. That is a
fumbled ball can't be picked up and run with.
GOAL LINE:
This line marks the beginning of the end zone and the end
of the playing field. There is one goal line at each end of the
field. The plane of the goal line must be crossed for a score to take
place.
HALFTIME:
A 15 minute break in play between the halves. The game is
divided into four 15 minute quarters. There are two quarters in each
half.
HANDOFF:
The handling of the ball from one offensive player to
another. Handoffs are used in offensive play to confuse, surprise or
otherwise get past the defense.
HUDDLE:
This is the team "meeting" prior to a play where the signals
and the play are given. The huddle is usually a loose circle of
players.
ILLEGAL PROCEDURE:
A penalty called against the offense for movement
on the line after the ball has been set and before it has been
snapped. While the quarterback is calling out the signals, the
offensive linemen must remain still.
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IN-BOUND LINES:
Two sets of lines running on both sides of the field,
70 feet, 9 inches from the side lines.
INCOMPLETION:
An incomplete forward pass.
INELIGIBLE RECEIVER:
Any offensive player not legally able to catch a
forward pass (usually an inside tackle, a guard, or the center).
INTENTIONAL GROUNDING:
A rule infraction caused when a passer
deliberately throws the ball away in a fake forward pass to avoid
being tackled for a loss.
INTERCEPTION:
A pass caught by an opponent. Their player may run with
the ball.
KICK-OFF:
The kick used to start play at the start of the game, at
the beginning of the second half, and after each score.
LATERAL:
Also called a backward pass, this is a pass that goes back
from or parallel to the line of scrimmage. Any player may throw a
lateral pass at any time to any teammate.
LINE OF SCRIMMAGE:
An imaginary line that runs from side line to side
line, parallel to the goal lines, and passing through the end of the
ball. There are two lines of scrimmage, one for each team. The space
between them is the neutral zone.
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LOOSE BALL:
A live ball, that is a ball in play, but not in any
player's possession.
MAN IN MOTION:
One offensive back can move as or before the ball is
snapped. He must, though, move back from or parallel to his line of
scrimmage. Before he starts, the back must be at least one yard
behind the line of scrimmage.
MULTIPLE FOULS:
Two or more fouls committed by the same team in the
same down. The opposing team has the choice of which penalty shall be
assessed.
NEUTRAL ZONE:
The area between the two lines of scrimmage and is the
width of the ball.
OFFENSE:
The team in possession of the ball.
OFFENSIVE HOLDING:
A offensive player illegally using his hands while
blocking a defensive player.
OFFSIDE:
A penalty caused by a player crossing the line of scrimmage
before the ball is snapped.
ONSIDE KICK:
A play by the kicking team to try and regain control of
the ball after the kick. It's a short kick, just over ten yards if
possible. In actual fact, all kicks are "onside", but this term
refers to this specific type of kick.
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OUT-OF-BOUNDS:
The area outside the sidelines and endlines. The lines
themselves are out-of-bounds also, therefore if a player or the ball
touches or crosses these lines it is out-of-bounds.
PASS INTERFERENCE:
Any act that interferes with a player's chance to
catch a pass or to intercept a pass.
PENALTY MARKER:
A yellow flag thrown down by an official to indicate
a rule infraction has occurred.
PERSONAL FOUL:
Hitting, punching, kneeing, piling on, clipping,
unnecessary roughness, or running into the passer or the kicker.
PILING ON:
Jumping or falling on a downed player after the ball has
been whistled dead.
PLACE KICK:
A kick where the ball is held in place by a teammate or
a kicking tee.
POCKET:
A shield set up by the five interior linemen on the offensive
team around the quarterback to protect him while he sets up to throw a
forward pass.
POSSESSION:
The officials must determine when a player has possession
of the ball. It is defined as having control of the ball long enough
to perform any act common to the game.
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PUNT:
A kick made by dropping the ball and kicking it before it hits
the ground.
PUNT RETURN:
The runback made by the team after catching a ball.
QUARTER:
A 15 minute section of the game. There are four quarters in a
game.
RECOVER:
Gain possession of the ball after a fumble.
RETURN:
The runback of a kick or an intercepted pass.
RUNNING PLAY:
A play from the line of scrimmage where no pass is
involved.
SACK:
To dump the quarterback for a loss while he is attempting a
forward pass. The defensive players exalt in sacking the quarterback.
SAFETY:
A two point score made by the team not in possession of the
ball. It happens when the offensive team causes the ball to end up
behind their own goal line themselves.
SCRIMMAGE:
The action of a play beginning at the snap and ending when
the ball is whistled dead.
SHIFT:
This is the movement of two or more offensive players changing
positions at the same time before the ball is snapped.
SNAP:
The passing of the ball by the center to a back usually the
quarterback.
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SPEARING:
Lunging at a player with your helmet in an attempt to injure
TACKLE:
A defensive player using his hands, arms, or body to stop the
ball carrier.
TIME-OUT:
A stoppage in play during which the official game clock is
stopped.
TOUCHBACK:
When the offensive team stops the play in the defensive
team's end zone, the ball is brought out to the 20 yard line to start
play. This can happen after a kick-off or a punt.
TOUCHDOWN:
A six-point score when the ball carrier reaches the end
zone of the opposing team. This can happen by running into the end
zone, catching a pass into the end zone or recovering a fumble in the
end zone.
TRY-FOR-POINT:
A team that has just scored a touchdown gets one play
to put the ball into the opponent's end zone again for extra points.
If they place kick the ball between the uprights and above the
crossbar, they score one extra point. If they run or pass the ball
into the end zone, they score two extra points.
TURNOVER:
Loosing the ball to the opponents by fumbling or giving up
an interception.
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TWO-MINUTE WARNING:
This is a time-out called by the officials while
they tell each head coach that only two minutes remain in the half.
YARDAGE:
The number of yards gained or lost by either team or any
player.
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